DUTCH CARIBBEAN COMPANIES AND LIABILITY ISSUES
Shareholders are not personally liable
Shareholders of an NV or BV are not personally liable for the liabilities of the company, except where this would be contrary to the law. With the exception of actions based on tort or when a shareholder may be held liable because he is considered a policy maker (see below), in general, the shareholders only obligation is to pay to the company the consideration for the share issue, i.e. a payment on the shares.
The members of the board of directors are personally and severally liable towards the company for any loss caused by the …
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DIRECTORS OF A DUTCH CARIBBEAN COMPANY
May a director resign when he chooses to do so?
A Netherlands Antilles company (NV or BV) must have either a local director or a local representative. A company is not required to have more than one director, unless the articles of association provide otherwise. The Netherlands Antilles Corporate Code does not oblige the shareholders to appoint new board members once all board members have resigned.
Pursuant to Article 2:12(1) Netherlands Antilles Civil Code, the articles of association of the company must provide for the manner in which provisions are made for the interim management and administration of the company …
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VOLUNTARY DISSOLUTION OF A DUTCH CARIBBEAN COMPANY
Dissolution requires a shareholders’ decision
The shareholders of a Netherlands Antilles company may voluntarily decide to dissolve a company (NV or BV), which requires a shareholders’ resolution in accordance with the articles of association.
Publication of the dissolution of the company in the ‘Curaçaosche Courant’ (the Official Gazette of the Netherlands Antilles) by the liquidator (a.k.a. receiver) is mandatory. As is the registration of the dissolution and deregistration of the directors at the commercial register of the Chamber of Commerce.
Under Article 2:30(1) Netherlands Antilles Civil Code, the liquidator realizes the assets of a company and settles all liabilities of …
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MANAGING A COMPANY WHICH BELONGS TO A FOREIGN OWNER
A contractual arrangement may limit the board’s powers
Shareholders of a Dutch Caribbean NV or BV may choose between the English/American one-board system and the traditional continental European two-tier system. In a two-tier system there is a management board (parallel to the inside directors on a one-tier board) and a separate supervisory board (parallel to the outside directors on a one-tier board). Although every company (NV or BV) has a management board, not every company has a supervisory board.
Article 2:14 of the Netherlands Antilles Corporate Code (a.k.a. Book 2 Civil Code) provides that each member of the board of …
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STATUTORY MERGERS UNDER THE LAWS OF THE DUTCH CARIBBEAN
Mergers mostly within a group of companies
A statutory merger involves at least two legal entities. The law uses the terms acquiring and disappearing legal entity. The law specifies that only legal entities having the same legal form may merge, specifying that a BV (closed limited liability company) and a NV (public limited liability company) are considered to be the same. Statutory mergers are used mostly within a group of companies.
Essential for a statutory merger is that the title of all assets and liabilities of one legal entity transfer in their entirety to another legal entity. An actual transfer …
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CORPORATE CONFLICTS OF INTERESTS UNDER THE LAWS OF THE DUTCH CARIBBEAN
A particular provision may help to prevent disputes
The board of directors has the function of managing, i.e., making policy and conducting the day-to-day management of the corporation. Except for restrictions in the articles of association, the board of directors is responsible for the management of the BV or NV (private or public limited liability company) and is authorized to represent it.
A conflict of interests is not in itself improper. The manner in which one deals with it determines the propriety of a transaction or one’s conduct. According to Article 2:11 par. 3 of the Netherlands Antilles Civil Code, …
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DEMERGERS IN THE DUTCH CARIBBEAN
Transfer of business or legal split-off
A split-off can take place by transferring part of the business of a company to its shareholders by way of a dividend in kind. In the event the split-off concerns a subsidiary, the payment in kind would be in the form of shares in such subsidiary. Instead of a dividend in kind, the transfer could take place upon a capital reduction or repurchase of shares. The consideration for the reduction or repurchase would then be satisfied in kind.
In the event of a legal demerger or division (a.k.a. legal splitting or legal split-off) a …
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