FRANCHISE AGREEMENTS UNDER THE LAWS OF ARUBA (I)
What are called ‘franchises’ are not seldom mixed type agreements
Franchise agreements are not defined in any Aruban statute and are not subject to any specific Aruban legislation. The franchise agreement is a sui generis agreement, subject to the general law of contracts. Distribution agreements are not subject to any specific Aruban legislation either, and are, as with franchise agreements, also subject to the general law of contracts.
In accordance with the general law of contracts, parties are free, in principle, to agree on whatever they wish. However, certain restrictions are imposed by the general principle of Aruban law that …
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LIBERALIZATION IN THE DUTCH CARIBBEAN
Telecom first, airlines to follow suit
The government of the Netherlands Antilles has been in favor of liberalizing the telecommunication market for may years now. Liberalization of the telecom market means opening it up to domestic and foreign competition, subject to certain regulatory principles.
Basically, liberalization means competition; competition means price levels determined by the market, not by a monopoly. This will benefit the consumers. In a free market telecom companies will, in principle, also be more innovative, more service-minded, offering a better and wider range of services, including service packages, for example, in an attempt to keep their customers …
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THE CREDIT CRUNCH, THE ECONOMIC RECESSION AND MAJOR FRAUDS SCHEMES
Lawyers are having a heyday
Many countries, companies and private individuals are suffering severely from the credit crunch, the economic recession and the various fraud schemes (Madoff, Stanford, Enron, etc.). However, what causes misery to some represents opportunity to others, in this case, the lawyers.
The financial meltdown, for instance, has resulted in governments interfering in financial institutions, people being sacked, and litigation. Securities fraud results in litigation. It seems like a lawyers’ paradise, however let’s not forget that many lawyers are feeling the impact of the crisis as severely as everyone else.
It is however fair to say that …
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PLC CROSS BORDER LAW FIRM RECOMMENDATIONS
Netherlands Antilles
According to PLC Cross Border (Which lawyer?), Spigthoff Attorneys & Tax Advisers is one of two firms dominating the Netherlands Antilles market for international work, both on- and offshore.
Spigthoff ranks high in corporate / M&A and dispute resolution.
Martijn Welten, who specialises in corporate law, mergers & aquisitions and corporate litigation, is (highly) recommended in the areas of dispute resolution and corporate/M&A.
Karel Frielink comes recommended in the area of high net-worth private clients. Karel is highly recommended in the areas of …
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THE DISMISSAL OF A TRUSTEE IN BANKRUPTCY IN THE DUTCH CARIBBEAN
Dismissal not always at the sole discretion of the judge
A Netherlands Antilles bankruptcy judge may at any time after having heard or after having properly summoned the trustee in bankruptcy, dismiss the trustee and replace him by one or more other trustees. This may be done at the request of the debtor, the trustee himself, another trustee, one or more creditors, the commission of creditors, or by the Judge on his own motion. There are no provisions in the law that stipulate, by reference, according to which consideration(s) such application is decided upon by the Judge.
In a particular …
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RIGHT OF SET-OFF UNDER DUTCH CARIBBEAN LAW
One of the most modern regimes in the world
The legal concept of set-off may be defined as setting cross-claims off against each other to produce a single balance. For instance, if A were to have a claim against B for a sum of money, and B would have a cross-claim against A for a sum of money, then B is entitled to be absolved from payment of A’s claim to the extent of his cross-claim and is also entitled to use his cross-claim in pleadings as a defense in an action by A to enforce his claim.
Set-off functions …
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BANKRUPTCY AND INTEREST CLAIMS IN THE DUTCH CARIBBEAN
Bankruptcy vs non-bankruptcy claims
There are special statutory provisions regarding agreed interest rates, for instance, in a contract between the creditor and a party who subsequently goes bankrupt, during a bankruptcy (faillissement) and moratorium on payements (surseance van betaling). It is explicitly stated in the Netherlands Antilles Bankruptcy Decree (Faillissementsbesluit 1931) that only the interest accumulated prior to a pronunciation of bankruptcy may be paid from the bankruptcy assets (faillissementsboedel). In the event of a moratorium on payments a similar provision exists.
Bankruptcy does not mean that the bankrupt party ceases to be a debtor of non-verifiable claims. If at …
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PLEDGING A REGISTERED CLAIM IN THE DUTCH CARIBBEAN
Disclosed vs undisclosed
A right of pledge is a limited right, intended to provide recourse against the property subject thereto for a claim for payment of a sum of money, with preference over other creditors. A registered claim (vordering op naam) is a personal right to payment not to order or bearer. The difference is of relevance with respect to establishing a right of pledge. A right of pledge on, for instance, bearer shares, is established by bringing the shares into the possession (under the control) of the pledgee (possessory pledge) or through a deed (non-possessory pledge).
Where it concerns …
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TEXAS BILLIONAIRE ALLEN STANFORD ACCUSED OF FRAUD
Stanford fraud charges tricker panic
Fraud charges laid against Allen Stanford sparked panic across the Caribbean. Stanford and his companies, among them Stanford International Bank Ltd. (a private offshore investment bank in Antigua), Stanford Group Co. and Stanford Capital Management LLC are subject to a fraud inquiry.
According to The Daily Herald “The ripple effects of the “massive ongoing fraud” charges against Texan billionaire Allen Stanford are seeping into the Netherlands Antilles where several people and businesses have invested in Stanford International Bank.” Victims in the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba may contact the …
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TRANSFERS FOR NO CONSIDERATION UNDER THE LAWS OF THE DUTCH CARIBBEAN
The law protects creditors
In general the law in the Netherlands Antilles does not prohibit transfers for no consideration. It should however be pointed out that under Netherlands Antilles law, statutory provisions exist which ensure that transactions whose only reason is to disadvantage creditors or make it impossible for them to seek recourse, may not be performed out. For example, Section 3:45, paragraph 1, of the Civil Code states that if, in the performance of a legal act to which he is not obligated, an obligor, knew or ought to have known that this would adversely affect the possibility of …
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GENERAL CONDITIONS UNDER THE LAWS OF THE DUTCH CARIBBEAN
General conditions may be nullified
Since 1 January 2001 the Civil Code (CC) of Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles contains a section on general terms and conditions. By including this section in the CC the legislator tried to strengthen judicial supervision of the terms of general conditions in order to protect contracting parties against the use of general conditions, since they, generally, have no knowledge of, or influence on, the contents of these conditions.
The CC gives a broad definition of general conditions. When a certain clause or condition is used in a number of contracts then the clause or …
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THE DISMANTLING OF THE NETHERLANDS ANTILLES
Info Bulletin Dismantling available
The country The Netherlands Antilles (‘het Land de Nederlandse Antillen’) will cease to exist, presumably in 2010. Like Aruba, although slightly different, Curacao and St. Maarten will receive the status of autonomous country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands in accordance with referendums held on both islands. Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba will each receive the status of Dutch municipality (a.k.a. Kingdom Island).
The Ministry of Constitutional and Interior Affairs has published a number of info bulletins on the dismantling of the Netherlands Antilles: