THE SHIP OF THESEUS
On the identity of a law firm
In terms of age, there are law firms that have only been around for a few days and those that have been around for centuries. Many law firms have made their age part of their marketing. With wine and whiskey, age is also part of the marketing. The same is true for some crafts. Consider brewing beer. The idea is that if you do something for a very long time, and pass on the experience to later generations, then you are very good at your craft, and so you bring a very good …
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CELEBRATING THE 15TH ANNIVERSARY OF THIS WEBLOG
Celebrating 15 years of sharing knowledge
June 1st, 2020 marks the 15th anniversary of my legal blog. This is an important milestone for me. Back in May 2005 I only had a rough idea about blogging and what it would take to create a successful legal blog.
Now, fifteen years and well over a million page views and a countless number of comments later, I know that despite the tiny size of the Dutch Caribbean islands, it is worthwhile providing legal-oriented content on the web on a regular basis. If the regular messages I receive from so many readers …
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BEING AN ATTORNEY FOR 30 YEARS
12 September 1989 – 12 September 2019
On 12 September 1989, Mr. Karel Frielink appeared at a public hearing of the District Court of Amsterdam. On the Public Prosecutor’s demand, he made the pledge necessary to become an attorney.
And then suddenly, I was an attorney. I can’t get rid of my past of course. But as long as I myself have the feeling that I can achieve something positive with this profession (also), I will continue to practice it.
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30 jaar advocaat
Op 12 september 1989 verscheen ter openbare terechtzitting van de Arrondissementsrechtbank Amsterdam, de heer Karel Frielink, die op …
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SUPERVISION OF BROKERS AND ASSET MANAGERS IN CURACAO
New Ordinance will enter into force in 2017
In the course of 2017, the Curaçao ‘Landsverordening toezicht effectenbemiddelaars en vermogensbeheerders’ (National Ordinance on the supervision of securities brokers and asset managers) will come into force.
The primary aim of the new Ordinance is to introduce a supervisory regime for brokers in the securities business and for managers of assets, in order to raise the operation of the capital markets and other financial markets in Curaçao to the next level, as well as to further protect the position of existing and potential investors in these markets against risks. This objective is …
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THE ARUBA PUBLIC LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY
Managing and supervisory directors’ liability
I will refer only to the Aruba NV type of company, otherwise known as the public limited liability company, governed by the Commercial Code of Aruba. Furthermore, I will discuss only the basic concept of managing and supervisory directors’ liability.
Duties
Section 106(1) of the Aruba Commercial Code (ACC) provides that, in performing their duties, each member of the management board should focus on the interests of the NV. In accordance with the “stakeholder model”, a.k.a. “stakeholder orientation”, the board must take into account various interests, not only those of the company, its business and …
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HIRE A LAWYER AND GET ONE FOR FREE?
Law firms differ from shoe selling businesses
There is no one-size-fits-all when it comes to shoes. There is also no one-size-fits-all lawyer as a solution for all your legal matters. In many cases and for many clients, the size of a law firm is not of much importance. What is important may differ from client to client, however the following more or less general concepts will undoubtedly play a role: the attitude of the professional, the quality of the services provided, timely response, personal attention, the ability to stand in the client’s shoes, creativity and pricing. The job of a …
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APPELLATE PROCEEDINGS IN CURACAO
Full review of the case
Appellate proceedings in Curaçao provide for a full review of the appealed decision: the grounds on which the Joint Court of Appeal can reverse the original judgment are not, as in certain other jurisdictions, limited to procedural matters. It is furthermore permissible to introduce new documentary evidence in the course of appellate proceedings. If the appealed judgment contains a final decision as regards the dispute the Joint Court of Appeal will either confirm the judgment or it will itself render a replacing decision: the case will not be referred back to the Court of First …
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TYPES OF LIABILITY IN ARUBA
A three-part distinction
With regard to liability a three-part distinction can be made. The first distinction relates to the basis of the liability: liability pursuant to a contractual relationship (the attributable failure in this respect) and liability pursuant to a wrongful act.
Another distinction relates to the personal liability (thus for the party’s own actions or omissions) and vicarious and/or strict liability: liability for or the acts and omissions of others (vicarious liability) or liability for certain things that happen (strict liability).
For example, employers can be held vicariously liable for certain actions of their employees. According to the Aruba …
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IMPACT OF LIABILITY TO THE DIRECTOR OF THE DIRECTOR
Curaçao law cannot ‘break through’ to a legal relationship governed by foreign law
Under Section 2:17 subsection 1 of the Curaçao Civil Code, the liability of a legal entity as a managing director of another legal entity (the direct or 1st degree director) also rests jointly and severally on each person who at the time this liability arose for the legal entity was its managing director (the indirect or 2nd degree director). It applies to this indirect managing director as it applies to the direct managing director that he will not be liable if he can prove that he cannot …
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CHAMBERS GLOBAL 2016 LEGAL RANKINGS RELEASED
Karel Frielink ranked Band 1 again
Once again I have been selected as a ranked lawyer in Chambers Global 2016 identifying me as one of the best lawyers in the Dutch Caribbean (click here).
The Chambers Guides have been ranking the best law firms and lawyers since 1990, and now cover 185 jurisdictions throughout the world. Chambers ranks lawyers and law firms on several factors and considerations, all of which are investigated by their large team of more than 140 researchers. Today, Chambers and Partners released the 2016 edition, also covering the Dutch Caribbean.
Individual lawyers are …
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THE BINDING EFFECT OF JUDGMENTS
Limited to the parties involved in the proceedings
Court decisions, even decisions by the Dutch Supreme Court, are not binding on courts when deciding future cases. However, the Code of Civil Procedure prevents parties from litigating twice on the same legal issue. The principle that a final judgment of a competent court is conclusive upon the parties in any subsequent litigation involving the same cause of action is known as ‘res judicata ’.
A Dutch court case is described below illustrating this principle: Utrecht District Court of 19 March 2009 (NJF 2009/291).
In initial litigation, the claimant had sought payment …
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BRIBERY
A criminal act
With regard to anti-corruption the Criminal Codes of Aruba, Curaçao, St. Maarten and the BES-islands include criminal acts such as fraud, bribery and abuse of authorities. The bribery offence closely resembles the bribery provisions under the Dutch Criminal Code. The Codes also stipulate regulations on criminal acts committed by judges, ministers, members of Parliament and civil servants. Amendments were introduced to the Criminal Code specifically to implement the Anti-Bribery Convention. The bribery offences in the Criminal Codes mirror very closely those in the Dutch Criminal Code.
The relevant anti-bribery provisions are integrated in the Dutch Caribbean Criminal …
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