INSURANCE BUSINESS IN THE DUTCH CARIBBEAN (III)
A broker must be registered
Under the National Ordinance on the supervision of the insurance brokerage business 2003 (Landsverordening toezicht assurantiebemiddelingsbedrijf 2003, “NOSA”), insurance brokers (assurantiebemiddelaars) are prohibited from providing services as an insurance broker unless they are registered in the relevant register administered by the Central Bank. “Insurance Broker” means anyone who, other than pursuant to an employment contract, acts as an intermediary in the conclusion of insurance policies.
There is no statutory definition of “to act as an intermediary”. However, this phrase aims to cover all acts that are intended to conclude an agreement between a potential insurant …
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INSURANCE BUSINESS IN THE DUTCH CARIBBEAN (II)
Limitations apply to a foreign insurance company
A foreign insurance company, i.e. a company not having its seat in the Netherlands Antilles and not operating through any kind of branch office (including a local representative), is allowed to insure a risk located in the Netherlands Antilles (for instance Curaçao), provided this occurs on an incidental basis (Explanatory Memorandum NOSI, Parliament of the Netherlands Antilles, Session 1987-1988, No. 3, p. 7).
In such cases, no license or registration requirements apply. The point is, however, that it is up to the Central Bank to decide whether this criterion has been met. Unfortunately …
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INSURANCE BUSINESS IN THE DUTCH CARIBBEAN (I)
A license is required
The insurance business in the Netherlands Antilles is regulated by the National Ordinance on the Supervision of the Insurance Business 1990 (Landsverordening toezicht verzekeringswezen, the “NOSI”).
The NOSI divides the insurance business into life insurance and indemnity insurance products. Indemnity insurance products are in turn divided into a number of categories: (i) accident and health insurance; (ii) motor vehicle insurance; (iii) maritime, transport and aviation insurance; (iv) fire insurance and other property insurance; and (v) other indemnity insurance.
Any person or entity wishing to conduct either life insurance or indemnity insurance business in or from the …
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SERVICE OF PROCESS IN THE DUTCH CARIBBEAN
This is done by a bailiff
What is the procedure for the service of foreign proceedings under Netherlands Antilles procedural law for a company having its registered address in, for instance Curaçao?
Under Netherlands Antilles procedural law, the service of proceedings on a Netherlands Antilles legal person will be done by means of a bailiff’s notification. This notification shall be served (i) on the person or residence of the president of the management board of the company or (ii) on the business and/or registered address of the company.
Netherlands Antilles procedural law does not provide for the possibility to serve …
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MASS LAY-OFF UNDER THE LAWS OF THE DUTCH CARIBBEAN
Permission required
The termination of the employment contracts of more than 25 employees or of 25% or more of the employees of a company is considered a mass lay-off. For such a mass lay-off permission is required from the Director of the Department of Labor and Social Affairs irrespective of the nature of the company’s activities. The Director must be informed by the employer at least two months prior to the (intended date of) termination of the employment contracts. Simultaneously, or at least within eight days of notifying de Director the employer must provide the Director with a redundancy arrangement …
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A JOINDER BETWEEN PARTIES IN THE DUTCH CARIBBEAN
An interest must be proved
When two parties are involved in legal proceedings a third party may request permission to join the proceedings thereby to joining with one party in raising defense against the other (‘voeging’). Alternatively, a third party may request permission to intervene (‘tussenkomen‘) in pending proceedings, in which case neither party is joined.
The Dutch Supreme Court (May 3, 1957, NJ 1959, nr. 62) ruled that a joinder between parties in pending proceedings may only be sustained if the party requesting the joinder have an evident interest in supporting one of the parties’ positions, and thus in …
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PLEDGING FUTURE RECEIVABLES IN THE DUTCH CARIBBEAN
Bankruptcy pledgor will prevent valid pledge
Under the laws of the Netherlands Antilles, a right of pledge may be established on future receivables, however, the right of pledge on a future receivable will only be perfected the moment such a receivable comes into existence, provided that, at such a time, the pledgor is authorized to dispose over or encumber such receivables (‘beschikkingsbevoegd’).
Therefore, if a pledgor has been granted a suspension of payments (‘surséance van betaling verleend’) or has been declared bankrupt (‘failliet verklaard’) in the Netherlands Antilles, before a future receivable, directly resulting from an existing legal relationship, comes …
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THE DUTCH CARIBBEAN AND OECD STANDARDS OF TRANSPARANCY AND EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION
OECD Secretary-General compliments the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba
In his speech on 21 October 2008, OECD Secretary-General Angel Gurría, addressed the issue of transparency and exchange of tax information in relation to offshore jurisdictions. The Secretary-General:
“In 2000 we identified over 40 tax havens and between 2000 and 2005 we were able to convince 35 of these tax havens to commit to the OECD standards of transparency and exchange of information. Seven tax havens initially refused to make this political commitment and were placed on a list of uncooperative tax havens. By 2008 this list …
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FOREIGN CLAIMS SECURED BY DUTCH CARIBBEAN SECURITY RIGHTS
The claim must be sufficiently identifiable
Many financing arrangements are of a cross-border nature. For instance, a loan agreement governed by English law with the loan secured by a Netherlands Antilles right of pledge. This raises all kinds of questions.
Any foreign right, for instance a claim, in which a Netherlands Antilles pledge is created, must be sufficiently identifiable (‘met voldoende bepaaldheid omschreven’) within in the meaning of section 3:84(2) of the Netherlands Antilles Civil Code.
Also, if one wishes to create a right of pledge in a foreign right, such a right must be a registered claim (‘een tegen …
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PREJUDICED INTERESTS OF MINORITY SHAREHOLDERS IN THE DUTCH CARIBBEAN
A minority shareholder may force the company to take-over his shares
Article 2:251(1) Netherlands Antilles Civil Code reads as follows: “A shareholder of registered shares, whose rights or interests are prejudiced to such an extent, by the conduct of the company or one or more co-shareholders, that a continuation of his shareholding cannot reasonably be required of him, may institute a claim against the company for withdrawal, demanding that his shares be acquired against payment in cash”.
This provision may only be successfully triggered in exceptional circumstances. This could be the case if the company or co-shareholders have a structural policy …
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DRAG-ALONG RIGHTS UNDER THE LAWS OF THE DUTCH CARIBBEAN
Drag-along rights may be validly created
A drag-along right is a right that enables a majority shareholder to force a minority shareholder to join in the sale of his shares in a company (NV or BV). The majority shareholder doing the dragging must give the minority shareholder the same price, terms, and conditions that apply to him. The question with regards to Dutch Caribbean law is whether the articles of association of an NV or BV may contain drag-along provisions.
Article 2:257(1) of the Netherlands Antilles Civil Code reads as follows: “The articles may provide that, in cases to be …
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WHAT IF A LENDER BECOMES A SHAREHOLDER OF THE BORROWER IN THE DUTCH CARIBBEAN?
The obligation to repay still ranks pari passu
If a lender takes over the shares in a borrower, the ranking of the borrower’s obligation to repay the loan does not change. Such obligations will continue to rank pari passu with the other creditors.
Let me give you an example. In the event of dissolution of the borrower, assuming the borrower is a company, all creditors must be satisfied as far as possible. A shareholder is, however, not considered to be a creditor of the company.
Under Article 2:30(1) of the Netherlands Antilles Civil Code, the liquidator must realize the assets …
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